Wireless Sensor Networks for Transformer Monitoring

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Wireless Sensor Networks for Transformer Monitoring

Authors: Babi N.Kotangale, Khushabu D. Choudhari, Ankita L. Rahangdale, Dhmmaratna B. Somkuwar, Chinmay V. Ramteke

DOI : 10.46335/IJIES.2026.11.1.5

Abstract: Power transformers are essential components in electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Their continuous and reliable operation is crucial for maintaining power system stability and preventing unexpected outages. However, transformers are frequently exposed to harsh environmental conditions, overloading, overheating, oil leakage, and voltage fluctuations, which may lead to severe damage or complete failure. Traditional monitoring methods rely on periodic manual inspections, which are time-consuming and unable to provide real- time fault detection. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) based Transformer Monitoring System integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed system utilizes various sensors to continuously measure important transformer parameters such as temperature, oil level, load current, and voltage. The collected data is processed using a microcontroller such as ATmega 328P or ESP32 and transmitted wirelessly through a Node MCU module using Wi-Fi communication. The real-time data is uploaded to an IoT platform like Blynk or ThingSpeak, enabling remote monitoring through a web interface or mobile application. In case of abnormal conditions, the system generates instant alerts for preventive maintenance. The proposed solution enhances operational efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, improves transformer lifespan, and contributes to the development of smart grid infrastructure.